Brief and Arrangement of The Scarlet Letter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 952 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Scarlet Letter Essay Did you like this example? The Scarlet Letter is a historical fiction book that is structured as a chapter book. The book is a total of 24 chapters. The chapters are organized in chronological order that follow the story of the book. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Brief and Arrangement of The Scarlet Letter" essay for you Create order The beginning of the book introduces us to Hester Prynne a young woman has committed adultery and is being publicly shamed for it. She is also fitted with a bright scarlet letter A on her chest. Hester soon encounters her estranged husband: who has changed his name to roger Chillingworth visits her in prison. Hester eventually is released from prison and starts to sew. Hester has a talent for sewing and is soon sews clothes for the people of the town, but she is excluded from sewing for weddings. Hester has a child named Pearl and she can be described as her curse and her blessing. Hester is afraid of the governor was going take her child, so she begged him along with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale. Roger Chillingworth was regarded as the town doctor and is soon tasked with treating the minister Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth senses that Dimmesdale is hiding something, so he soon questions him to gain a better understanding of his condition. Chillingworth soon discovers something ab out the governor and his suspicions grow. Chillingworth finally discovers the truth and becomes vengeful toward the minister and has become a changed man seeking revenge. Hester reveals Chillingworths identity to Arthur and expresses that he wont expose them. They soon plan a trip where they would take a boat to Europe and get away from everyone. Chillingworth discovers this plan and tries to join them on their trip so he can seek his revenge. Dimmesdale has prepared his final sermon before his departure and it is the best sermon he has ever given, and the crowd acknowledges this. After, he completes his sermon he brings Hester and Peral to the scaffold and reveal to everyone the red A on his chest signifying that he too has sinned. Arthur eventually and the Scarlet Letter becomes a legend throughout the village. Hester soon returns to the village still wearing the letter, but it has since lost its significance and doesnt bring any extra attention toward her anymore. Rhetorical Analysis The author uses exigence in this story when describing the governor trying to take Peral away from Hester. This shows urgency by describing how important this situation is and the severity of it. Hester begs and pleads with the governor to let her keep her kid. The audience of this book is teenagers in high school between the age of 15-18. The book gives the audience an insight into society during this time period and how society treated women who committed adultery. The book is also a good literature piece to be used by students to study rhetoric. The logos displayed in this book is defined by the time in history. During this point in Americas history there was no separation between church and state, so sin was punishable by prison time. The town was structured to hold people of god into a higher level so when Hester was punished for adultery it wasnt uncommon for her to be sentenced to prison. It was also normal to shun Hester because of the Scarlet Letter because society was large ly influenced by the church. Pathos is represented in the book when Hester fights to keep her child. This shows pathos by displaying her love and affection for her daughter, and her unwillingness to lose her. This passion helped her keep her convinced the governor to let her keep her child. Ethos is displayed in the book when Chillingworth tries to establish himself as a doctor. He soon gains credibility throughout the town and starts treating a minister. Dimmesdale was also a minister so when he gave advice or spoke to someone they believed in everything he said. The style of this spoke is of old English language and historical reference. The book has a serious and an insightful tone when detailing Hesters story. The author uses a unique style of language to tell the story and uses this tone to help deliver it. The books delivery is an old styled appearance that is simple and to the point. The front cover shows Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth and the back has text from the first chapter. The book also describes the appearance of the scarlet letter by giving the reader a description and a picture to see what it looks like. Use of Outside Sources The author doesnt refer to outside sources a lot during in this book. The author gathered information about the time period and used the help of historians. The author details a story of a man finding a manuscript about Hesters story, so this can be used as an outside source. The outside sources the author uses are authoritative by giving him insight and a mental picture of this time period. The author also notes of the story of the narrator in the book. Personal Response I personally believe the book is interesting and I find it informative regarding society during this time period. The book gives you an insight to how America was before there was a separation of church and state in government and society. I recommend this book to literature classes for its use of rhetoric and having to use critical thinking to truly understand the nature of the story. I believe that there are parallels that can be drawn between the book and society today and in some how some are treated as if they wear a scarlet letter. I personally liked the book and the story of Hester Prynne.

Positive Effects Of Juvenile Offenders - 1434 Words

Seventy percent of these youth are held in state-funded, postadjudication, residential facilities, at an average cost of $240.99 per day per youth. Imprisoning youth can have severe detrimental effects on youth, their long-term economic productivity and economic health of communities. Youth who are imprisoned have higher recidivism rates than youth who remain in communities, both due to suspended opportunities for education and a disruption in the process that normally allows many youth to Age-out of crime. Detention: The holding of youth, upon arrest, in a juvenile detention facility for two main purposes: to ensure the youth appears for all court hearings and to protect the community from future offending. Secure Residential†¦show more content†¦In its first three years of implementation, the pilot sites diverted 382 youth from commitment, saved an estimated $18.7 million in costs, and lowered the number of commitments by 51 percent. 5 The Costs of Confinement New York - Re-direct New York In February 2009, New York State closed six youth residential facilities, downsized two, and closed three evening reporting centers. 17 Coinciding with state residential facility closures, legislators will introduce Re-direct New York, which would create a fiscal incentive for counties to utilize alternatives to incarceration rather than state-run residential facilities for youth or local detention facilities. The county pays the state 40 percent of the cost of state youth confinement. Three years after Act 148 was enacted in the late 1970s, there was a 75 percent increase in state subsidies for county programs; by the early 1980s, secure placements for youth dropped 24 percent. In 2006, only 14 percent of committed youth were placed in state facilities. 19 California-SB 81 In 2007, as part of a budget Trailer bill, the governor signed legislation that bans commitments of youth adjudicated of nonviolent offenses to state-run residential facilities. 22 6 The Costs of Confinement Conditions litigation can be a costly result of mass incarceration of youth In the worst case scenario, crowdedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Restorative Justice On Juvenile Recidivism1407 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent research available on the effects of restorative justice on juvenile recidivism range from meta-analyses of multiple studies to individual program studies. According to Bradshaw and Roseborough (2005), â€Å"The use of meta-analytic methods provides a useful means for summarizing diverse research findings across restorative justice studies and synthesizing these findings in an objective manner.† (p. 19). Four meta-analytic studies reveal an overall reduction in juvenile recidivism (Bradshaw and RoseboroughRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Juvenile Delinquency1675 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Justice has been a work in progress from the beginning of the program because of the evolving mentality of the generations. The purpose of Juven ile Justice was to correct the behavior of the juvenile delinquents and rehabilitation through a probationary period monitored by an individual who paid for bail and periodically reported behavior changes to courts. (Mulligan 2009) We do justice to the youth offenders by understanding the history of Juvenile Justice restorative programs, the alternativesRead MoreJuvenile Corrections Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages| Juvenile Corrections | The History, Recidivism Rates, and What Works | | Gina Pardue | Corrections - SPEA J331Dr. Robert Ramsey | 12/12/2012 | | Definition of Juvenile Corrections Juvenile corrections encompasses the portions of the criminal justice system that deal with juvenile offenders. Many of these facilities and programs seem to mirror jails and prisons, but juvenile corrections are not meant for long term sentences. Sometimes sentences for juveniles are only severalRead MoreAdolescent Crime a Result of Socioeconomic Instabilities 1271 Words   |  6 Pagesplaced a great deal of pressure on the juvenile justice system. Pressure associated with increased levels of crime gears conservative believers in social responsibility to implement harsher punishments as an avenue for social protection. Conversely, liberally-minded individuals gravitate toward the social problems perspective, believing that rehabilitation is the only method adequate to protect society. Inherent in the controversial topic of trying juveniles as adults is an increased responsibilityRead MoreBurning Down The House By Neil Bernstein761 Words   |  4 Pagesis locking up adult offend ers in correctional facilities with little rehabilitation for reentry into society. American response for crime prevention for juvenile’s offenders is the same strategy used against adult offenders taken juvenile offenders miles away from their environment and placed in adult like prisons. However the way juvenile our house and treated while in the care of state corrections officer is more detrimental mental and physical health of juvenile offenders as explained in NeilRead MoreMandatory Incarceration For Chronic Juvenile Offenders1355 Words   |  6 Pagesresearching materials of mandatory incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders, I had to define ‘What is a chronic juvenile offender?’ It is a young individual who are chronic reoffenders that is arrested on average two years earlier than juvenile offender (age usually 11 or younger). â€Å"The threshold in chronic offending for number of arrests is five. Therefore, youth arrested for the sixth time are extremely likely to later become young chronic offenders. So the use of arrests seems to be more appropriateRead MoreJuvenile Courts Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesSerious crimes such as murder, burglary and rape have raised questions as to whether the young offenders should face severe punitive treat ment or the normal punitive measures in juvenile courts. Many would prefer the juveniles given harsh punishment in order to discourage other young people from engaging in similar activities and to serve as a lesson to these particular offenders. However, results from previous studies indicate such punitive measures were neither successful nor morally acceptableRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency and the Criminal Justice System1423 Words   |  6 Pagessystem, juvenile delinquency is an issue that I find the most overlooked and it is a problem that is growing, particularly in the poorer areas. The term juvenile delinquency refers to the antisocial or criminal activity under the age of 18 which violates the law. Everyone is affected by juvenile crime, parents, teachers, families and neighbors. It is essential that programs are implemented to help with juvenile delinquents. Although delinquency rates have decreased dramatically, the effect of delinquencyRead MoreIncarceration Of Youth And I ts Effects On Reducing Crime Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageseach year. Locking up youth has shown very little positive impact on reducing crime. Incarcerating youth have posed greater problems such as expenses, limited education, lack of employment, and effect on juveniles’ mental and physical well-being. In today’s society there has been an increase in the crimes committed by juveniles. Most juveniles have underlining factors that have caused them to choose this type of lifestyle. Many children in the juvenile system have come from impoverish stricken neighborhoodsRead MoreCRJ 180 WEEK SEVEN Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ COMBATING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY GINA BUFFALOE CRJ 180/STRAYER UNIVERSITY DR. CLINTON MILLER 8/17/2014    COMBATING JUVENILE DELIQUENCY HILSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA Hillsborough County in the state of Florida initiated a program called the Juvenile Arrest Avoidance Program or JAAP in August of 2010. The the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) was also implemented to provide at-risk youths the greatest opportunity to mature into responsible, law-abiding adults

Anana Free Essays

Study Guide Note about the purpose of this Study Guide: This study guide is to help you be aware of the information you’ll need to know to earn an A* on the Unit Exam for my class. I have also noted the related objectives that may be tested on during the Cambridge Exam at the end of the year. Cambridge Themes and Key Questions Addressed: Theme 1 : Government and the People 1754-2000 Key Question 1: How did Americans develop the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Anana or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Political system during the period from 1754 to 1865? Why did relations between the British and the colonists deteriorate before 1776? How was the Constitution created? The writings of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Tom Paine The Revolutionary War: political and military leadership, military events, and their consequences 1775-83 Theme 2: Who Are Americans? Key Question 1: How far did the economic, social, and political status of Native Americans change from 1754 to 2000? Theme 4: America and the World 1754-2010 Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853? How important was the role of France in shaping the borders of U. S. A.? To what extent were war and diplomacy with Brittany important in defining U. S. Borders? VOCABULARY: Duties/Tariffs Import Export Revenue Martyr Tyrant/Tyranny Autocratic Militia Direct Tax Indirect Tax Loyalists Patriots Aristocracy Monarchy (and hereditary monarchy) Effigy Boycott Tar Feathering Mercantilism: forerunner to imperialism; colonies help a mother country become self-sufficient and wealthy; idea that no great nation can exist without colonies; economic nationalism; limit imports from other countries but encourage exports to other countries. How to cite Anana, Papers

Variables Measurements Linear Combination -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Variables Measurements Linear Combination? Answer: Introducation For tracking, we adopt EKF over linear Kalman filtering because most of the times the state variables and management are not linear combination of state variables, inputs to the system and noise. The key variables used in EKF were state estimate (k x ) and measurement (k z ) whose relation can be depicted in the figure below . This is the advance research of our previous work so comprehensive explanation of EKF can be seen below And from the above illustration diagram we can come up with algorithms to help come up with the matlab codes (Corke, 2011). Above algorithms it will be very easy to develop the Matlab codes Here is the basic program for detecting and tracking moving object from a video (Using colour information). This program first loads the video "singleball.mp4" into workspace and then by using kalman filtering and blob analysis, the moving ball is tracked (Corke, 2011).Therefore the below are the matlab codes for object tracking using colour information. Matlab Program for Object Tracking: // Showing the colour information ( video ) videoReader = vision.VideoFileReader('singleball.mp4'); //Initializing the positions of the objects to be tracked videoPlayer = vision.VideoPlayer('Position',[100,100,500,400]); foregroundDetector = vision.ForegroundDetector('NumTrainingFrames',10,'InitialVariance',0.05); // giving the condition or the boundary of tracking of the object, it is false if the minimum Blob area is 70 m. blobAnalyzer = vision.BlobAnalysis('AreaOutputPort',false,'MinimumBlobArea',70); kalmanFilter = []; isTrackInitialized = false; // Introducing a while loop for the video reader. while ~isDone(videoReader) colorImage = step(videoReader); // Detecting the foreground object through colour image foregroundMask = step(foregroundDetector, rgb2gray(colorImage)); detectedLocation = step(blobAnalyzer,foregroundMask); isObjectDetected = size(detectedLocation, 1) 0; if ~isTrackInitialized if isObjectDetected // If there is a constant acceleration of the moving object and the detected location within 25 or 10 tracks then marketing track initialized is correct ( the position of the object is correct). kalmanFilter = configureKalmanFilter('ConstantAcceleration',detectedLocation(1,:), [1 1 1]*1e5, [25, 10, 10], 25); isTrackInitialized = true; end label = ''; circle = zeros(0,3); else if isObjectDetected predict(kalmanFilter); // And since it is located the label will be corrected (If was in wrong direction, it will be directed to the required direction) trackedLocation = correct(kalmanFilter, detectedLocation(1,:)); label = 'Corrected'; else // Therefore the location of the object is the predicted one. trackedLocation = predict(kalmanFilter); label = 'Predicted'; end circle = [trackedLocation, 5]; end colorImage = insertObjectAnnotation(colorImage,'circle',circle,label,'dominant Color','dominant color'); Foreachforeground ; Most Frequent color= Dominant color; ForEvery Object A; //New Dominance color is that color after demerging while Previous Dominant color is that color before merging. IFNewDominanceColor= PreviousDominantColor; ElseIf SameAs A Else NewObject B; Step (videoPlayer,colorImage); If( ObjectSizeInFrame J ObjectSizeInFrame J-1Threshold); //The ID is stored if object size in frame J - object size In frame J-1 1. StoredIDandDominantColorInMerged Array; Else BobDisapears; StoreCenterPoint,DominatColorInPastObjectArray; end release(videoPlayer); release(videoReader); End // The execution of the program will end at this point The above codes will thus help showing a good tracking of moving independent and partial occluded objects. The direction of object was maintained to recover its tracking ID after partial merging and past information for 10 frames to re-track object operations after few frames by STGMM. And this can be witnessed from the below diagrams, References Blake, A. (2012). Active Vision . London : Mit press. Corke, P. (2011). Robotics, Vision and control : Fundermental Algorithms in MATLAB . nursing: Springe

Chapter 2 Flashcard

Chapter 2

House Fly essays

House Fly essays The housefly is a very widely known insect. To most people it is just a pest. To many insects, it is a source of food. In many ways the housefly is a pest, but in many others ways it is beneficial. The fly has a head, thorax, and abdomen. It is furry with big compound eyes. Its 2 wings are so thin you can see the veins in them. It has a sucking mouth part. It is black with gray stripes, and on the side are air holes called spiracles. These are used for breathing. The fly is located everywhere except for extreme temperature places. It will eat any food or garbage. It even eats poo. They carry diseases such as malaria. It lays them when it lands on something. There are 4 stages of life. First the adult female will lay up to 250 eggs at once in the water or on the ground. Then the larva, called maggots, hatches from the egg. They just eat so they can grow. Then come the pupa. It goes inside a cocoon for 3-6 days. It gradually looses its outer skin. Then when it is done it becomes an adult fly. It will live for about 3-4 weeks during the summer. Now it will find a mate and reproduce sexually. Then the cycle will begin again. I think that the fly is very important for the other insects that eat it and survive off of it. But I also think, like most people, that the fly is one of the most annoying insects ever. ...

Unit 5 Part 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unit 5 Part 2 - Research Paper Example Debate in the public domain with regard to gun control can amicably be resolved through legal goodwill paving way for the relevant legislation. In the United States, gun control issues have been a center of interest and debate by the stakeholders torn in between gun ownership legalization or completely banning guns. Several years of debate seemed futile in many instances but with political will, it is likely to end in a reliable solution. This paper will focus upon the debate of gun control presenting the argument that how this ban came to be challenged in the first place and how this ruling of the court was manipulated and used by lawmakers. It will then explain the justifications for arms possession considering the changing society and explain the precautions that will assist and promote proper use of guns. The changes in policy against the laws of gun control started after the ruling of a court in Columbia. According to the Christian Science Monitor (2007), a showdown was looming after a US appeals court ruled against gun ban in District of Columbia. The ruling seemed to depart from a 1939 Supreme Court ruling, even if precedents might not tie a judge. The panel stated in its ruling that owning a gun was a constitutional right. The provisions of the Second Amendment on which the Supreme Court based its ruling go to the extent of allowing a well regulated militia to maintain security of a Free State. The Christian Science Monitor pointed out that the security of the public goes further than allowing militia possess guns legally. Self defense and not mere constitutional right to possess a gun was the key argument in the judgment. Since the law in the District of Columbia stated that guns should be disassembled or trigger locked, it was argued that safety would be enhanced. It was hence the beginning of a platform to legalize the ownership of weapons due to the changing society and the importance of self defense and

Defining my identity Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining my identity - Personal Statement Example At 19 years of age, I believe the greater part of my life still lies ahead. I know that one day I will no longer be living under my mother’s rules, and that is my motivation as to why I strive to be a better person and avoid struggling in future life. I have built my identity mainly by being determined not to be like many people I know. Some are not in school, doing drugs or serving jail terms. Others messed their lives by getting pregnant while still young. But for me, I am a responsible young adult already doing two part time jobs. Most importantly, I am a future-oriented person. My age, gender and ethnicity often cross over each other in the determination of my identity. At 19, I have seen my age mates succumb to peer pressure, but I am not that kind of a person. The culture shock that I suffered when I joined college could easily have led me into self-destructive habits, like the drug abuse that many teenagers indulge in. Instead, I chose not to go out much, opting to stay at home when not working or in school, as well as limiting the number of friends. Despite living with my mother, I pay my own bills, feed myself buy my own clothes and take care of my own doctor’s visits. Apart from that, I also ensure that I provide food for my sister when there is no food at home. My gender means that I must be responsible since, traditionally, women are home keepers. However, as a result of my uniqueness, I want to enjoy the power of providing for myself, rather than taking up stereotyped gender roles. I want to look at gender and ethnicity differently, and mor e positively when I am more mature, hence the aspect of age defines me in a dynamic manner. Inadvertently, I belong to a specific gender, race and ethnicity. It is not my wish to associate myself with any socioeconomic class because such divides only serve to magnify stereotyped differences. So long as one can be responsible enough, get an education and provide

Socially Desirable Merit Goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socially Desirable Merit Goods - Essay Example Merit goods are normally provided by the state because of the feeling that citizens tend to under-consume them, as well as the fact that they need to either be subsidized or provide freely to the people at the point of consumption so that its consumption is not tied to an individual’s ability to pay for the good. There are quite a number of merit goods that can be provided by the government namely health services, public libraries, education, inoculations for children, work training programmes, and Citizen's Advice Bureaux among others (Grant and Vidler 70). The National Health Services (NHS) is a good example of a merit good provided by the U.K. government. NHS is considered a merit good because the services received from the hospital confers personal benefit to the person receiving the services since there is personal satisfaction in becoming healthy or being healed of a disease. In addition, being healthy allows people to engage in development activities such as getting emp loyment that enables one to earn a living and live a decent life (Grant and Vidler 70). This is because an individual cannot work when he or she is sick. Being healthy also has certain social benefits attached that prompted the establishment of NHS. Firstly, healthy people tend to be more productive than unhealthy people are in the workplace. Unhealthy people are normally not able to perform certain jobs because of their unhealthy status, thus making them less productive ((Riccardo and Tryphon 1367). Healthy people, on the other hand, can perform different jobs in an organization including jobs that require the use of a lot of energy. Furthermore, healthy people are able to work longer hours thereby improving productivity in an organization they work for. Economists agree that many organizations prefer productive workforce to unproductive workforce because it enhances economic growth that increases the national income (Grant and Vidler 70). This statement can be proved by comparing the GDP of countries where health care service provision is poor and those with good health care services like the U.K. In this regard, it can clearly be seen that the GDP of the U.K. is higher than that of developing countries in the word that are still struggle with the proving of quality health care services. Role of the government in providing this merit good to the public Grant and Vidler note that the government plays a big role as far as provision of merit goods is concerned (71). NHS is an example of a merit good that the government of the U.K. has provided for its citizens in order to increase access to health care services in the country. The government took this initiative for a number of reasons. Firstly, the government introduced the NHS for the U.K. citizens to ensure that there is universal health care in the country for all regardless of status. This is because the government felt that leaving the provision of health services solely to the private sectors would make it had for low-income earners, the old, and the disabled in the country to afford this valuable service. The reason being most private health care providers charge high prices for their services to the people and would only be affordable to the rich in the country. Therefore, the provision of this valuable merit good by the state is a means of promoting the consumption of merit good so as to achieve positive externalities attached to

Sony Corporation Research and Development

Sony Corporation Research and Development Sony Corporation is an international company that was established in 1946 by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita, the companys headquarter is located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The company was originally called Tokyo Telecommunication Engineering Corp which started with as little as $1500. Ibuka and Morita decided to operate the firm internationally in the 1950s and changed the name to Sony since the name Tokyo Telecommunication Engineering Corp was already taken at the time. The first product Sony released onto the market was a transistor radio in 1955 which was the first one in Japan at the time; some other key products developed by Sony are the Headset stereo walkman in 1979, Compact Disc Discman in 1984 and Mini Disc system which was launched in 1992. Today Sony offers a wide range of electronic equipments such as home and portable audio system, digital cameras, DVD players, televisions, video game console, mobile phones and both home and portable computers. The company has become extreme ly successful today; according to its consolidated financial results, its sales and operating revenue were 78.88 billion US dollars in 2009. So just what makes the company so successful despite operating in such a competitive industry and starting with so little fund? To answer this question we will examine the organisation, management and research and developments of the company as well as any strategic alliances and collaborations with other firms. Before we look at the research and developments carried out by Sony Corporations, I would like to quickly mention the recent trend of RD activities in the UK as well as the global. According to the DIUS review, the 850 largest corporate in the UK spent over â‚ ¤21.6 billion on RD activities in 2007, which was an increase of 7% compared to the previous year, 2006. Globally, 1,400 of the worlds most active companies invested over â‚ ¤274 billion in 2007, which increased by 9.5% from the previous year. These data suggest that Research and development becomes more and more popular to companies all over the world as companies starting to understand the importance of RD activities RD is vital to the survival of a company due to the increasing competition from rivals in all kind of industries in the world. Companies need to constantly improve the design and performance of its products in order to stay ahead of its competition. By having better products with better design, performances and more importantly products that suits consumers taste than rivals, a company can gain a larger portion of the market shares, therefore making more profits. Research and development activities can usually be separated into two main categories, they are internal RD and non-internal RD. Internal research and development is basically any RD activities that are carried out or managed by the company itself. On the other hand, non-internal research and development are RD activities that arent operated by the company itself, strategic alliances and collaboration with other companies is a good example. Sony Corporation employs both internal and non-internal RD activities which we will be discussing shortly The below diagram demonstrates the amount of money spent in RD by Sony Corporation from 1998 to 2007. As we can see from the diagram, RD expenditure has increased gradually from 375314 billion yens to 514483 billion yens from 1998 to 2003. And from 2003 to 2007, the amount on money invested in RD fluctuates between 514483 billion yens to 543937 billion yens. Sony Corporation spent around from 5.8% to 7.8% of their sales and operating revenues on RD during this period of time. So just what did Sony Corporations RD focuses on?   According to the companys fact book that was published in 2006 on its website, it stated that the companys RD will be focusing on four main areas, they are: Platforms for home and mobile electronics Semiconductor technologies Devices technologies and Software technologies To improve the platforms for home and mobile electronics, Sony focuses on developing products that support the high definition content. In semiconductor technologies, Sony focuses on developing electronic applications for Cell, which is a very powerful microprocessor.In devices technologies, Sony is focusing on developing Blu-ray disc technologies which is designed to enhance High Definition vision to the next level. Finally for software technology, Sony focuses on developing software that helps consumers to operate electronic products in a more user friendly way. Other software focuses are codecs and Digital Rights Managemnet (DRM) which is designed to protect products such as music, video and ebooks. Sony Corporation has a total of three developments group and four research centres around the world. There 3 groups and 4 centres are under Sonys direct control, they are: Technology Development Group – this department involves in developing common element technologies and newly launched products in order to expand the business. Display Device development Group – this department involves in developing new display for the next generation of products Core Technology Development Group this department involves in developing new devices for the next generation of products Materials Laboratories – this department involves in finding new advanced materials to produce more superior products which in turn increases the competiveness of the company. Information Technologies Laboratories this department focuses on researching in new information in order to produce products that set apart from rivalrys products 6)A-cubed Research Center – this department involves in research of image signal processing technologies Sony Computer Science Laboratories   The seven departments we have just looked at is operated by Sony Corporative Headquarter directly, which means they are in-house RD, we will next look at the non-internal RD activities carried out by Sony, its strategic alliances and collaborations with other major companys Sony has a large number of different strategy alliances and collaborations with different companies. In this essay, it will be focusing on two of the most well known examples, they are Sony Ericsson and Sandisk. Sony Ericsson was established in October 2001, it was a joint venture of Sony

Comparing Much Ado About Nothing :: essays research papers

In the first essay, written by Jean Howard, the main idea or thesis seems to focus on the antitheatrical aspects of the play. The actual thesis would be Shakespeare employs antitheatrical discourse in a way that advantages certain social groups without calling attention to the fact that it does that. Howard takes a Marxist approach to the play. She looks at how the conflict intertwines itself and makes a constant reference to the social aspects of each of the characters in the play. Howard starts by giving general ideas where she gives a brief summary of the main plot of the story that involves Don John, Don Pedro, and Claudio. She reads the play in relationship to antitheatrical tracts. This makes the political dimensions more apparent in the work. The play itself speaks to several different senses of social class. Although Much Ado about Nothing is a play, it mirrors the world as it was. It deals with the power being put in the hands of the "status quo" and it makes menti on of the social order, especially the fear of women who want the same power as men. Howard also mentions that the play seems to emphasize the consequences of sin, in this case, telling lies. She goes into the scene where Don John gets Margaret, Hero's servant, to play Hero as so to deceive Claudio. This would make Hero appear to be "easy" and make Claudio not want to marry her. Before all of this goes on, Don Pedro impersonates Claudio at the ball, to get in Hero's good graces. This is another lie. Even though Don Pedro's "trick" does more good than harm, the audience and readers are now given the job to cope with the morality of each situation. Most of Howard's reading of the play deals with the two impersonators (Don John and Don Pedro) and their sense of moral duty during this time. It also speaks to the social consequences of their practices. Howard suggests that Don John provides a moral reading because he is the chief antagonist in the play. She seems to say that in essence, he is evil and readers can identify and justify his actions becaus e he is evil. Does that make it right? She also says that since he is the bastard brother of Don Pedro, his evil acts are ideologically significant because they identify the social disorder of those who have and those who have not.